Before traveling to Sri Lanka, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss necessary vaccinations and health precautions. Typically, vaccinations for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, and tetanus are advised. Additionally, depending on your travel plans and activities, vaccinations for rabies and Japanese encephalitis might also be recommended. Malaria prophylaxis may be necessary for certain regions, particularly if you're visiting rural areas. It's crucial to drink only bottled or boiled water and to be cautious with food hygiene to prevent common traveler's illnesses.

Sri Lanka has a rich cultural heritage, and it's important for travelers to respect local customs and traditions. Some key etiquette tips include dressing modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites such as temples or mosques. Remove your shoes and hats before entering religious buildings as a sign of respect. It's also customary to greet people with a slight bow or a smile, and it's polite to address individuals with their title (Mr., Mrs., or Miss) followed by their last name until invited to use their first name. Refraining from public displays of affection and avoiding sensitive topics such as politics or religion in conversation are also advisable to maintain cultural sensitivity during your travels in Sri Lanka.